Shingle and assembly of the same



Nov. 29, 1938. w. 5. MILES 2,133,663

I SHINGLE AND ASSEMBLY OF THE SAME Filed Sept. 19, 1955 24 i 21 25 Z 2 a i a T -T 7 77:11.7, F'WJ/ i, .mm ,1 i L --.J 15 b9 ATTORNEY.

= derlapped'." Y

Patented Nov. 29, 1938 l srnNGLE Dis s-air? E Stanley-Miles, Hastings-on Hudson; Newl' 1 I York, assignor- -.to Johns-Manville Corpora- York, N. Y.,a corporation of New Application September 19, 1935, Serial No.41 229 .1 Claim. (01. 16 -8) This invention relates to shingles and 'toan assembly thereof; r t

There is extensiveus'e of composition shingles in roofing and siding assemblies. Such shingles 5 of especially desirable properties comprise a rigid asbestos-cement composition; jIfhe-invention will be particularly illustrated,"-therefore, in connection with shingles of'su ch'a composition. In an assembly-of; such rigidshingles' in or siding, the butts ar expdsed to the weather. "The heads "of "the shingie's f in a given course extend upwardly from the :butts and, ordinarily, under portions at least of two overlying courses of the shingles and under and beyond the exposed parts of the" vertical joints between the shingles in the-"immediately overlying course,- 'In such underlap'pirig -by he'ads as"w'ide as the butts. there is a large wastagepf unnecessarymaterial at positionsremote from the joints that are un- The present'invention comprises the novel features hereinafter described and, especially, means for minimizing the amountof material resuired in the "head or un'derlapped portions of the shing'les'Qm'ans' for facilitating drainage in anarrow underlapping portion, indirection generally parallel to the side edge thereof, forming shingles with narrow extensions from the heads and positioning of the said extensions so that there is minimum wastage of material when a plurality of shingles, say, four having such extensions are cut from a blank in the form of a sheet, the provision of an edge of the shingle and graining of the shingle; wherebyit is made to simulate a plurality of individual shingles, and/or the provision of oversize holes in the narrow extensions reg stering each with a smaller hole in the head of a shingle in an overlying course, adapting the extensions to be adjustedin two directions.

A-prefered embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and'will be described in connection therewith.

Fig. 1 shows a plan view of an improved shingle of the present invention. Y

Fig. 2 shows a diagrammatic perspective of a roofing assembly including the improved shingles.

Fig. 3 shows a plan 'view of the positions of cutting 01' a square sheet into four of the finished shingles.

There are shown shingles having butts ll, constituting the exposed portions of the shingles in a finished roofing assembly, heads l2, and extensions l3, the dotted and outside lines of Fig. 1 serving to mark the boundaries of the several parts or the shingles.

"highf by 17 inches inches.

i e as i i' adiacentf 'n gie b seand in he e It wilij' be notedthat theLbutts-and heads are wide and of equal or substantiallyv the same widths and are in ali'nement at their side edges,

whereas the extensions'are relatively very narrow.

Typical dimensions are butts 5 incheshigh,.-as

'nlilea'sured in a'direction paralleltotheslope of 6,8

ssembly, by 17linches wide, heads two inches Widajarid extensions 5 by .5

As will appearj rom theassembly illustrated in v ;Fig 2 t he he a'd 015a shingle is overlapped-(completely' covered) by enema .of the-immediately ioverlying ,curse. .The narrow l' extensions, underm j beiwefi a ins. eds n i i h i m d atel ov n qfr' r' a'shor't distaneeffiuitably 2 e h'e uttj'o'f ashiniglqof-thdsecond Q l'if nscQu f.

'I'hjeshirliglesare provi ded ontheir upareas Ill, l5, "'l6a'nd .These severalareas are separated by grooves along zones extendingtransversely with respect tothe longest dimension (width) of the shingle, the graining being nonconforming at the said zones, whereby the several areas of, the butts are caused to resemble each an individual shingle unit.

Such a grained unit may be provided with an uneven lower edge It, as, for instance, one that is'slightly wavy and, suitably, causing the said areas severally to have av concave, convex, or approximately straight lower edge. This irregularity contributes to the simulation of an assemblyof a plurality of individual shingle elements.

In the extension 13, as illustrated in Fig. l, the elongated-elevations extend generally in the direction of the length of the saidextension, facilitate drainage in thedirection of-the slope of the assembly, and minimize the flowing thereover of draining waterof rain or the like that may obtain access to the upper surface of the extension, as through one of, the-vertical joints illustrated inFigZ."

When the height (length) of the extension and of the butt are the same, as in the example given, there is a minimum wastage of material, inasmuch as the head lap, shown at 19 in Fig. 2, may be just as wide as the lap 20 of the upper end of the extension under the butt of the second overlying course.

In the unit illustrated. the two sides of an extension are oiiset and 7 inches, respectively. from the nearest side of the shingle.

In making the improved shingle units of preferred composition, there is formed an aqueous 5 suspension of asbestos fibres and Portland cement, the proportion of asbestos by weight being approximately equal, for example, to that of the Portland cement or slightly less. 'The suspension is formedinto a felt, as by the machine and method described in U. S. Patent Reissue 12,594 issued to Hatschek on January 15, 1907.

ing, it graining is to be used, and cutting'to the desired size and shape. This shape resembles somewhat an inverted T as illustrated i It will be understood that the sheet material after being straightened is wet and plastic, that is, readily deiormable. Over this sheet there is laid a die-plate provided with the negative pat- -'tern of the surface configuration desired in the finished shingles and, suitably, also with ridges adaptedto extend substantially or completely "through "the-sheet material at positions that are to constitute theboiindaries of the finished shingles. The arrangement o i the graining and the positionspfcuttlng maybe as illustrated Suitably, thereis formed a sta'ckoi. alternating sheets or plastic material, die-plates, and rigid plane *separator plates disposed on the sides of the sheets: that arei' to constitute the backs .of 8d =-thefinished-shin gls'a'nd thest'acl-rjis, compressed in'a hydraulic ress; The typegpiieq j pmentiised is conventional; with theexception'. o1 the arrangement F 'of 'graining or cutting ridges which maybe such as to give the result shown in Fig. 4o 3,f or=instance;' The equipmentis, therefore, not

illustrated.

The compression maybemadeat a final pressure of about 6000 pounds or'so'. tothe square inch, to give densification and thorough consolidation'of the solid ingredients of the sheet material, express excess of water therefrom," and provide'the'desired surface markings. After the "compression is completed, the press is opened and the impressed sheets are allowed to stand until the cement therein is hardened. It is con venient to remove the sheets in green condition from the stack and .then form the sheets into a new stack with rigid separator'plates at intervals, to maintain the shape of the sheets during the hardening period.

By having the centers of the extensions l3 and of the heads i2 ofiset laterally by one-half the height of the said head portions, that is, onehalf of two inches in the shingle of specific dimensions given, it is possible to out the sheet as shown in Fig. 3 without wastage of any material at the center of the sheet.

Thus, it will be see'n'from the figure that the outer portion of the sheet that is out forms the butts and heads of a plurality of shingles and the central portion the extensions, the extensions meeting comerwise to take all the area of the central part of the sheet.

The shingles are provided with holes that are adapted to register in two adjacent courses oi. the finished roofing assembly and to receive a driven fastening element such as a nail 23 passing through the registering holes and into the supporting substructure 24. Thus, the extension may be provided with two holes 2| near the upper edge," one ot'each sidtot'ithe' middle oi the extension, and the-'headmay be provided at each of its upper side corner portions with a hole 22 adapted to register with a hole 2| in the exten- When the felt has beenmadeoi the desired thickness, it is removed from the Hatschek (cardboard) machine, is straightened into a sheet '01: generally plane surface, and is subjected to grain sion of ,a similarlyppertured shingle of a lower course in a roofing assembly. The hole in the extension, which-registers with the hole 22 of the headpo rtion oi the shingle of the immediately overlying courseainay be oversize, that is, the hole 2| may be larger than the hole 22. When a nail is inserted through-hole 22 in the head of one course and the larger hole 2| in the extension of the immediately lower course and then driven firmly into the, substructure, ,thaiower course retains 'adlustability in two directions, namely, laterally and in the direction -oi;.the slope of theassembly.

It' will be noted that the upper edgeof the narrow extension oi a given shingle registers or is alined with .theupper' edgeotthelhead portion of full width ,0 anpveiiyin'g cpilrsa. Since the ld ed e e ize rse register.

holes d? asstated the hol ,'2|-and 22 are spacedequally not; theupperedgesotthenarrgw extension and head respectivly,; fl'hisfl feature is particularly useful when the 1g er arm; ,of the ,unit ,is uneven,

as illustratd, .fr mstanc ia Fig. ;1'. In such a case the alinein'nt; :ci fthe saidstraight edges aaemenma eq rs o s s without dependence upon -the 'i regular lower edge of the shinglsl,

Suitably, fshea J paper 25,155.. disposed .between theshingles' and the wood sheathing. constituting the portions, oi the substructure on which the ,shingla are assembled and .to ;which they are secured [I l For some purposes,- the graining oi the narrow extensions of. the hg'ies may be omitted, as indic'atedinFig. 3. .'v V

The term shinglefasjusedherein includes a 1slilding unit. likewise,.rooflng".includes "sidg. It will be understood.that the details given are for the purpose of illustration, not restriction, and particularly that an ,elementor feature described may be omitted if its iunctionin the tinished article is notdesired It is intended, therefore, that variations within the spirit of themvention are to be included in the scope of the appended claim.

What I claim is: I A shingle comprising a butt, 8. head substantially as wide as the butt, and a narrow extension from the head, the said extension being of height equal to the butt as assembled on a building and the center of the said extension being offset laterally with respect to the center of the head by one-half the height at the head. 

